Side-By-Side Comparison of the Paycheck Protection Program and Economic Injury Disaster Loans
There are two different types of government business loans available to help small businesses stay afloat during the coronavirus emergency that are quite different in nature. The Paycheck Protection Program loans provide funding to continue paying employees during the crisis and the Economic Injury Disaster Loans provide vital economic support to help overcome the temporary loss of revenue businesses are experiencing as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The table below provides a side-by-side comparison of these loans followed by details of both.
| PPP – EIDL COMPARISONS | ||
| Paycheck Protection Program Loan (PPP) | Economic Injury Disaster Loan (EIDL) | |
| Qualifying Business | 500 or fewer employees; Active on 2/15/2020 |
500 or fewer employees |
| Ineligible Businesses | Cannabis, lenders, pyramid, household employers, those with prior SBA defaults and certain criminal activities. | Gambling concerns (more than 1/3 income from gambling), all casinos, racetracks, poker parlors, etc. |
| Program Duration | Available through 6/30/20 | Unknown at this time |
| Max Loan Amount | $10 Million | $2 Million |
| Borrower Loan Amount | 2.5 times average 2019 payroll | Decided by SBA based upon need determined by submitted documents. Can project need for one year |
| Payroll/Employee Definition (Does not include independent contractor or payments) |
All salary, wages, commissions and tips including most benefits, capped at $100K for each employee. Does not include FFCR Act leave payroll. | Includes both full-time and part- time employees. |
| Interest Rate | 1% | 3.75% for Small Business 2.75% for Non-Profits |
| Loan Term | 2 Years | Up to 30 Years |
| Loan Guarantees or Collateral Required | None, other than a borrower certification | None for loans of $25,000 or less. Above that determined by SBA depending on circumstances. |
| Loan Advance | None | $10,000 before loan approval |
| Loan Forgiveness | The lessor of the loan amount or the sum of the expenses including payroll, mortgage interest, rent, and utilities paid in the 8-week period following the loan origination date. | The $10,000 advance - forgiven at the discretion of the SBA. If a borrower also has a PPP loan, the $10,000 forgiveness will be deducted from the PPP loan forgiveness amount. |
| Forgiveness Reduction | Reduced if full head count decreases or salaries are decreased by more than 25% | Not applicable |
| Payment Deferral | 6 to 12 months | Up to 12 months Determined by the SBA |
| Allowable Loan Uses | Payroll costs, mortgage interest*, rent/lease payments*, Utilities* including electric, water, telephone, internet. *In place before 2/15/20 |
Fixed debts, payroll, accounts payable, insurance, interest and other general operating expenses. Not to be used for lost sales or profits or expansion. |
| Coordination with the employee retention credit | Makes employee ineligible for the employee retention credit | Not applicable |
Paycheck Protection Loans
These loans can be forgiven if certain conditions are met. The following are the particulars of Paycheck Protection Loans.
The latest guidance issued by the treasury was April 2, 2020.
- Who Can Apply: To qualify for this program, the business must NOT have more than 500 employees, or the maximum specified by the SBA. There is an exception for accommodation, food services and drinking places with multiple locations where each location cannot have more than 500 employees. Special rules also apply to franchisees.
- Program Duration: This program is only available through June 30, 2020. However, businesses are encouraged to quickly apply because there is a funding cap of $349 Billion and lenders need time to process the loans.
- Application Start Dates:
o April 3, 2020 – Beginning April 3, small businesses and sole proprietorships can apply for and receive loans to cover their payroll and other certain expenses through existing SBA lenders.
o April 10, 2020 – Starting April 10, independent contractors and self-employed individuals can apply for and receive loans to cover their payroll and other certain expenses through existing SBA lenders. - Eligibility: Applies to all forms of businesses (except those noted below as ineligible below) including partnerships, corporations, sole proprietorships, tax exempt non-profits, qualified veterans’ organizations and certain tribal businesses. Businesses in certain industries can have more than 500 employees if they meet applicable SBA employee-based size standards for those industries.
SBA’s affiliation standards are waived for small businesses (1) in the hotel and food services industries (NAICS code 72); or (2) that are franchises in the SBA’s Franchise Directory; or (3) that receive financial assistance from small business investment companies licensed by the SBA. - Ineligible Businesses: The treasury revised the eligibility requirements on April 2, 2020. These mostly mirror the SBA 7(a) borrower requirements. Ineligible businesses include:
o Cannabis Companies - engaged in any activity that is illegal under federal, state, or local law”
o Lenders - a financial business primarily engaged in lending (pawn shops, although engaged in lending, may qualify in some circumstances).
o Prior Defaults on SBA Loans - Companies or their owners that have defaulted on SBA loans or any other federal loan. This includes any business or business owned or controlled by owners that has ever obtained a direct or guaranteed loan from SBA or any other Federal agency that is currently delinquent or has defaulted within the last seven years and caused a loss to the government”
o Criminal Activities - Companies who have owner(s) who:
(a) are currently indicted or arraigned, or
(b) on parole for a criminal charge; or
(c) were convicted of a felony within the last five years.
o Pyramid Sale Distribution Plans
o Household Employers - Individuals who employ household employees such as nannies or housekeepers. - Available Loan Amount: Loans can be for up to two months of your average monthly payroll costs from the last year plus an additional 25% of that amount plus any other debt that the SBA approves for refinancing, but not greater than $10 million.
- Loan Fees and Guarantees: Loan fees are waived, and there are no collateral requirements or personal guarantees. The loan terms are the same for everyone. The lender does receive a fee paid by the government of 5% for loans of not more than $350,000, 3% for loans greater than $350,000 but less than $2 Million and 1% $2 Million or more.
- Interest Rate: The SBA is quoting a fixed rate of 1.0%.
- Active Business Requirement: The borrower must have been in business on Feb 15, 2020.
- Payment Start Date: Deferred during the crisis—6 to 12 months.
- Loan Due: Any loan amounts not forgiven will be due in 2 years.
- Certification: A borrower must certify in good faith that:
o Current economic uncertainty makes the loan necessary to support ongoing operations.
o The funds will be used to retain workers and maintain payroll or to make mortgage, lease, and utility payments.
o The borrower has not and will not receive another loan under this program.
o The borrower will provide to the lender documentation that verifies the number of full-time equivalent employees on payroll and the dollar amounts of payroll costs, covered mortgage interest payments, covered rent payments, and covered utilities for the eight weeks after getting this loan.
o Loan forgiveness will be provided for the sum of documented payroll costs, covered mortgage interest payments, covered rent payments, and covered utilities. Due to likely high subscription, it is anticipated that not more than 25% of the forgiven amount may be for non-payroll costs.
o All the information the borrower provides in the application and in all supporting documents and forms is true and accurate. Knowingly making a false statement to get a loan under this program is punishable by law.
o The borrower acknowledges that the lender will calculate the eligible loan amount using the tax documents submitted. The borrower affirms that the tax documents are identical to those submitted to the IRS. And it is also understood, acknowledged, and agreed that the lender can share the tax information with the SBA’s authorized representatives, including authorized representatives of the SBA Office of Inspector General, for the purpose of compliance with SBA Loan Program Requirements and all SBA reviews. - What Expenses Can the Loan Proceeds Be Used For? – The loan proceeds should be used for the following business expenses:
o Payroll costs, including benefits;
o Interest on mortgage obligations incurred before February 15, 2020;
o Rent, under lease agreements in force before February 15, 2020; and
o Utilities, for which service began before February 15, 2020. - What Counts as Payroll Costs? - Generally gross payroll costs including salary, wages, commissions, or tips (capped at $100,000 on an annualized basis for each employee):
o Salary, wages, commissions, or tips (capped at $100,000 on an annualized basis for each employee);
o Payments to Independent contractors are NOT included.
o Per SBA/Treasury released April 7, 2020 – the definition of payroll costs are calculated on gross basis with no reduction for federal taxes imposed or withheld as had been previously reported. This supersedes the prior released dated April 2, 2020.
o For a sole proprietor or independent contractor: wages, commissions, income, or net earnings from self-employment, capped at $100,000 on an annualized basis for each employee. - Not Included in Payroll Cost are:
o Compensation to employees whose principal place of residence is outside of the United States.
o Qualified sick leave wages for which a credit is allowed under the Families First Coronavirus Response Act or
o Qualified family leave wages for which a credit is allowed under the Families First Coronavirus Response Act. - Period for Determining Average Payroll Costs - Employers will need to select a pay period in order to determine average monthly payroll costs.
o Unless the business is a seasonal business or weren’t in business (and paying employees) on or before February 15, the pay period should be 12 months from the report date. For example, if today were April 2nd, it is recommend the business select a period of April 1, 2019 - March 31, 2020.
o Seasonal employers who normally have higher-than-average payroll costs during the months in the “Covered Period” (Feb 15 - June 30) should select a period of Feb 15, 2019 - June 30, 2019.
o Any company that wasn’t in business and paying employees by February 15, 2019 will be considered a “new business” and should select a period of January 1, 2020 - February 29, 2020. - Loan Forgiveness: The CARES Act provides loan forgiveness for Payroll Protection Loans (limited to the amount of the loan). Forgiveness is based upon the sum of the following expenses paid during the 8-week period after the loan origination date:
o Payroll Costs
o Mortgage Interest (loans incurred before Feb 15, 2020)
o Lease/Rent Payments (in force prior to Feb 15, 2020)
o Utilities for Services in Place Before Feb 15, 2020. Includes electric, gas, water, transportation, telephone and internet.
Due to likely high subscription, it is anticipated that not more than 25% of the forgiven amount may be for non-payroll costs.
A portion of the loan may not be forgiven if the borrower does not maintain staff and pay levels.
o Number of Staff: Loan forgiveness will be reduced if the borrower decreases full-time employee headcount.
o Level of Payroll: Loan forgiveness will also be reduced if the borrower decreases salaries and wages by more than 25% for any employee that made less than $100,000 annualized in 2019.
o Re-Hiring: A borrower has until June 30, 2020 to restore full-time employment and salary levels for any changes made between February 15, 2020 and April 26, 2020. - How Loan Forgiveness Is Requested – Submit a request to the lender that is servicing the loan. The request will include documents that verify the number of full-time equivalent employees and pay rates, as well as the payments on eligible mortgage, lease, and utility obligations. The borrower must certify that the documents are true and that the borrower used the forgiveness amount to keep employees and make eligible mortgage interest, rent, and utility payments. The lender must make a decision on the forgiveness within 60 days.
- Where to apply - Borrowers can apply through any existing SBA lender or through any federally insured depository institution, federally insured credit union, and Farm Credit System institution that is participating. Other regulated lenders will be available to make these loans once they are approved and enrolled in the program. Consult with a local lender as to whether it is participating. Visit www.sba.gov for a list of SBA lenders.
- What is Needed to Apply – A borrower will need to complete the Paycheck Protection Program loan application and submit the application with the required documentation to an approved lender that is available to process the application by June 30, 2020. Payroll documentation will be required.
CAUTION: A Paycheck Protection Loan makes an employer ineligible for the employer retention credit created in the CARES Act.
Economic Injury Disaster Loans (EIDL)
In response to the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, small business owners in all U.S. states, Washington D.C., and territories are eligible to apply for an Economic Injury Disaster Loan with an advance of up to $10,000. This advance will provide economic relief to businesses that are currently experiencing a temporary loss of revenue. Funds will be made available following a successful application.
The SBA’s Economic Injury Disaster Loan program provides vital economic support to small businesses to help overcome the temporary loss of revenue they are experiencing as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
This program is for any small business with no more than 500 employees (including sole proprietorships, independent contractors and self-employed persons), and private non-profit organizations ((501(c), (d) or (e)) or 501(c)(19) veterans’ organizations affected by COVID-19.
Businesses in certain industries may have more than 500 employees if they meet the SBA’s size standards for those industries.
- Maximum Loan - $2 Million
- Interest Rates:
o Small Business – 3.75%
o Non-profits – 2.75%
- Payment Examples:
o $25,000 for 30 years is $116 per month
o $50,000 for 30 years is $232 per month
o $100,000 for 30 years is $463 per month - Terms: Up to 30 years
- Loan Amount Determination – The SBA will make that decision based on the information submitted with the loan application.
- Loan Acceptance: Borrowers are not obligated to accept the loan, and generally have a year to make a decision.
- Loan Advance – A $10,000 loan advance is available. CAUTION: There is a box that must be checked when filling out the application to request a $10,000 loan advance. This loan advance may not have to be repaid. Per an SBA seminar, the decision to forgive all or part of the advance is at the discretion of the SBA. If a borrower also has a paycheck protection program (PPP) loan, the $10,000 will be deducted from the amount forgiven from the PPP loan.
- Payment Deferral: Payment can be deferred for up to 12 months based on an SBA determination. Interest will continue to accrue.
- Eligibility: Eligibility for these working capital loans is limited to businesses with 500 employees or less and type of business and its financial resources. For purpose of determining the number of employees, both full-time and part-time employees count. But do not include independent contractors as employees.
To qualify, a business must also be a business that:
o Is directly affected by the disaster,
o Offers services directly related to businesses directly affected by the disaster, or
o Is a business indirectly related to the industry that is likely to be harmed by losses in its community. - Business Entities – Qualifying business entities include:
o Sole proprietors,
o Independent contractors,
o Partnerships,
o Corporations,
o Non-profits with IRS tax exemption under sections 501(c),(d), or (e). - Multiple Businesses – Each business entity must apply separately.
- Use of Funds: EIDLs are working capital loans that may be used to pay fixed debts, payroll, accounts payable, insurance, interest and other general operating expenses that could have been paid had the disaster not occurred. The loans are not intended to replace lost sales or profits or for expansion.
- Determining the Loan Need: A borrower may project up to a year of damages a result of the pandemic when determining the amount of a loan needed.
- Collateral Requirements: EIDL loans in excess of $25,000 require collateral. Collateral generally includes real estate when available. The SBA will not necessarily decline a loan for lack of collateral but requires borrowers to pledge what is available. It will be up to the underwriters to make collateral decisions.
- Ineligible Entities (this may change in the future):
o Gambling Concerns (Ex: Concerns that derive more that 1/3 of their annual gross revenue from legal gambling activities)
o Casinos & Racetracks - Businesses whose purpose for being is gambling (e.g., casinos, racetracks, poker parlors, etc.) are not eligible for EIDL assistance regardless of the 1/3 criteria above. - How to Apply – It is recommended an applicant visit the SBA.gov website prior to submitting an application since everything related to COVID-19 is fluid and changes almost daily. The information below may have changed.
o Applicants may apply online using the Electronic Loan Application (ELA) via SBA’s secure website.
o Or, if submitting a completed paper loan application, it should be mailed to: SBA, Processing and Disbursement Center, 14925 Kingsport Road, Fort Worth, TX 76155
Disaster loan information and application forms may also be obtained by calling the SBA’s Customer Service Center at 800-659-2955 (800-877-8339 for the deaf and hard-of-hearing) or by sending an email to disastercustomerservice@sba.gov. - What to Do First – Complete application Form 5 or 5C (5C is for sole proprietors) and Form P-019. After the appropriate form is properly completed, an application number will be returned.
- Multiple SBA Loans - Borrowers may apply for different SBA loans – PPP loans, EIDL loans, non-disaster SBA 7(a), 504 and microloans, and also receive investment capital from Small Business Investment Corporations (SBICs). However, you cannot use your PPP loan for the same purpose as your other SBA loan(s).
NOTE: It may be appropriate to apply for both a PPP loan and an EIDL since the PPP loan will only support payroll and expenses for approximately 8 weeks and this crisis may last a lot longer than that. - Basic Filing Requirements:
o Completed SBA loan application; use Form 5C for sole proprietors and Form 5 for all others.
o Tax Information Authorization (IRS Form 4506T) for the applicant, principals and affiliates (see instructions on form, must be signed).
o Complete copies of the most recent Federal Income Tax Return. o Schedule of Liabilities (SBA Form 2202).
o Personal Financial Statement (SBA Form 413).
o Other Information may also be requested:
o Complete copy, including all schedules, of the most recent Federal income tax return for principals, general partners or managing member, and affiliates.
o If the most recent Federal income tax return has not been filed, a year-end profit-and-loss statement and balance sheet for that tax year.
o A current year-to-date profit-and-loss statement.
o Additional Filing Requirements (SBA Form 1368) providing monthly sales figures (especially important for Economic Injury Disaster Loans like these).
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Frequently Asked Questions
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You can prepare your taxes yourself, especially if your business is simple.
But once you have contractors, employees, business loans, equipment purchases, mileage, mixed expenses, or growing revenue, things get more complex. At that point, tax preparation becomes a way to make sure your business is reported correctly, your deductions are handled properly, and your records can support what you file.
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Send anything that shows what your business earned, spent, bought, paid, borrowed, or changed during the year.
That usually means your income records, bank statements, credit card statements, payroll reports, contractor payments, loan documents, mileage records, and prior-year tax return. Also tell me about anything unusual, such as buying a vehicle, hiring someone, opening a new location, or taking out a business loan.
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Messy books can slow things down. If expenses are in the wrong categories, transactions are missing, or personal and business spending are mixed together, your tax return may not show the right profit. We may need to clean things up before filing, so your return is accurate and easier to support.
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Possibly, if it was truly for your business and you have proof.
Still, it is much better to avoid this when you can. A separate business bank account and business credit card make everything cleaner. They save time, reduce confusion, and make your records much easier to defend if anyone ever asks questions.
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Most small business owners can deduct ordinary business expenses like software, advertising, supplies, insurance, rent, payroll, contractor payments, professional fees, travel, and some vehicle costs.
The question I usually ask is simple. Was this expense clearly for the business? If yes, we can look at how it should be handled. Personal expenses should stay personal.
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